diff --git a/app/Filament/Resources/BaselineProfileResource/Pages/ViewBaselineProfile.php b/app/Filament/Resources/BaselineProfileResource/Pages/ViewBaselineProfile.php
index efb3e6d..c4e8989 100644
--- a/app/Filament/Resources/BaselineProfileResource/Pages/ViewBaselineProfile.php
+++ b/app/Filament/Resources/BaselineProfileResource/Pages/ViewBaselineProfile.php
@@ -5,11 +5,17 @@
 namespace App\Filament\Resources\BaselineProfileResource\Pages;
 
 use App\Filament\Resources\BaselineProfileResource;
+use App\Models\BaselineProfile;
+use App\Models\Tenant;
 use App\Models\User;
 use App\Models\Workspace;
+use App\Services\Baselines\BaselineCaptureService;
 use App\Support\Auth\Capabilities;
 use App\Support\Workspaces\WorkspaceContext;
+use Filament\Actions\Action;
 use Filament\Actions\EditAction;
+use Filament\Forms\Components\Select;
+use Filament\Notifications\Notification;
 use Filament\Resources\Pages\ViewRecord;
 
 class ViewBaselineProfile extends ViewRecord
@@ -19,11 +25,95 @@ class ViewBaselineProfile extends ViewRecord
     protected function getHeaderActions(): array
     {
         return [
+            $this->captureAction(),
             EditAction::make()
                 ->visible(fn (): bool => $this->hasManageCapability()),
         ];
     }
 
+    private function captureAction(): Action
+    {
+        return Action::make('capture')
+            ->label('Capture Snapshot')
+            ->icon('heroicon-o-camera')
+            ->color('primary')
+            ->visible(fn (): bool => $this->hasManageCapability())
+            ->disabled(fn (): bool => ! $this->hasManageCapability())
+            ->tooltip(fn (): ?string => ! $this->hasManageCapability() ? 'You need manage permission to capture snapshots.' : null)
+            ->requiresConfirmation()
+            ->modalHeading('Capture Baseline Snapshot')
+            ->modalDescription('Select the source tenant whose current inventory will be captured as the baseline snapshot.')
+            ->form([
+                Select::make('source_tenant_id')
+                    ->label('Source Tenant')
+                    ->options(fn (): array => $this->getWorkspaceTenantOptions())
+                    ->required()
+                    ->searchable(),
+            ])
+            ->action(function (array $data): void {
+                $user = auth()->user();
+
+                if (! $user instanceof User || ! $this->hasManageCapability()) {
+                    Notification::make()
+                        ->title('Permission denied')
+                        ->danger()
+                        ->send();
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                /** @var BaselineProfile $profile */
+                $profile = $this->getRecord();
+                $sourceTenant = Tenant::query()->find((int) $data['source_tenant_id']);
+
+                if (! $sourceTenant instanceof Tenant) {
+                    Notification::make()
+                        ->title('Source tenant not found')
+                        ->danger()
+                        ->send();
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+                $result = $service->startCapture($profile, $sourceTenant, $user);
+
+                if (! $result['ok']) {
+                    Notification::make()
+                        ->title('Cannot start capture')
+                        ->body('Reason: ' . str_replace('.', ' ', (string) ($result['reason_code'] ?? 'unknown')))
+                        ->danger()
+                        ->send();
+
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                Notification::make()
+                    ->title('Capture enqueued')
+                    ->body('Baseline snapshot capture has been started.')
+                    ->success()
+                    ->send();
+            });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    private function getWorkspaceTenantOptions(): array
+    {
+        $workspaceId = app(WorkspaceContext::class)->currentWorkspaceId(request());
+
+        if ($workspaceId === null) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return Tenant::query()
+            ->where('workspace_id', $workspaceId)
+            ->orderBy('display_name')
+            ->pluck('display_name', 'id')
+            ->all();
+    }
+
     private function hasManageCapability(): bool
     {
         $user = auth()->user();
diff --git a/app/Jobs/CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob.php b/app/Jobs/CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7909911
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Jobs/CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob.php
@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace App\Jobs;
+
+use App\Jobs\Middleware\TrackOperationRun;
+use App\Models\BaselineProfile;
+use App\Models\BaselineSnapshot;
+use App\Models\BaselineSnapshotItem;
+use App\Models\InventoryItem;
+use App\Models\OperationRun;
+use App\Models\Tenant;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\Baselines\BaselineSnapshotIdentity;
+use App\Services\Intune\AuditLogger;
+use App\Services\OperationRunService;
+use App\Support\Baselines\BaselineScope;
+use App\Support\OperationRunOutcome;
+use App\Support\OperationRunStatus;
+use Illuminate\Bus\Queueable;
+use Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue;
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable;
+use Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue;
+use Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels;
+use RuntimeException;
+
+class CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob implements ShouldQueue
+{
+    use Dispatchable, InteractsWithQueue, Queueable, SerializesModels;
+
+    public ?OperationRun $operationRun = null;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        public OperationRun $run,
+    ) {
+        $this->operationRun = $run;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, object>
+     */
+    public function middleware(): array
+    {
+        return [new TrackOperationRun];
+    }
+
+    public function handle(
+        BaselineSnapshotIdentity $identity,
+        AuditLogger $auditLogger,
+        OperationRunService $operationRunService,
+    ): void {
+        if (! $this->operationRun instanceof OperationRun) {
+            $this->fail(new RuntimeException('OperationRun context is required for CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob.'));
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $context = is_array($this->operationRun->context) ? $this->operationRun->context : [];
+        $profileId = (int) ($context['baseline_profile_id'] ?? 0);
+        $sourceTenantId = (int) ($context['source_tenant_id'] ?? 0);
+
+        $profile = BaselineProfile::query()->find($profileId);
+
+        if (! $profile instanceof BaselineProfile) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("BaselineProfile #{$profileId} not found.");
+        }
+
+        $sourceTenant = Tenant::query()->find($sourceTenantId);
+
+        if (! $sourceTenant instanceof Tenant) {
+            throw new RuntimeException("Source Tenant #{$sourceTenantId} not found.");
+        }
+
+        $initiator = $this->operationRun->user_id
+            ? User::query()->find($this->operationRun->user_id)
+            : null;
+
+        $effectiveScope = BaselineScope::fromJsonb($context['effective_scope'] ?? null);
+
+        $this->auditStarted($auditLogger, $sourceTenant, $profile, $initiator);
+
+        $snapshotItems = $this->collectSnapshotItems($sourceTenant, $effectiveScope, $identity);
+
+        $identityHash = $identity->computeIdentity($snapshotItems);
+
+        $snapshot = $this->findOrCreateSnapshot(
+            $profile,
+            $identityHash,
+            $snapshotItems,
+        );
+
+        $wasNewSnapshot = $snapshot->wasRecentlyCreated;
+
+        if ($profile->status === BaselineProfile::STATUS_ACTIVE) {
+            $profile->update(['active_snapshot_id' => $snapshot->getKey()]);
+        }
+
+        $summaryCounts = [
+            'total' => count($snapshotItems),
+            'processed' => count($snapshotItems),
+            'succeeded' => count($snapshotItems),
+            'failed' => 0,
+        ];
+
+        $operationRunService->updateRun(
+            $this->operationRun,
+            status: OperationRunStatus::Completed->value,
+            outcome: OperationRunOutcome::Succeeded->value,
+            summaryCounts: $summaryCounts,
+        );
+
+        $updatedContext = is_array($this->operationRun->context) ? $this->operationRun->context : [];
+        $updatedContext['result'] = [
+            'snapshot_id' => (int) $snapshot->getKey(),
+            'snapshot_identity_hash' => $identityHash,
+            'was_new_snapshot' => $wasNewSnapshot,
+            'items_captured' => count($snapshotItems),
+        ];
+        $this->operationRun->update(['context' => $updatedContext]);
+
+        $this->auditCompleted($auditLogger, $sourceTenant, $profile, $snapshot, $initiator, $snapshotItems);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @return array<int, array{subject_type: string, subject_external_id: string, policy_type: string, baseline_hash: string, meta_jsonb: array<string, mixed>}>
+     */
+    private function collectSnapshotItems(
+        Tenant $sourceTenant,
+        BaselineScope $scope,
+        BaselineSnapshotIdentity $identity,
+    ): array {
+        $query = InventoryItem::query()
+            ->where('tenant_id', $sourceTenant->getKey());
+
+        if (! $scope->isEmpty()) {
+            $query->whereIn('policy_type', $scope->policyTypes);
+        }
+
+        $items = [];
+
+        $query->orderBy('policy_type')
+            ->orderBy('external_id')
+            ->chunk(500, function ($inventoryItems) use (&$items, $identity): void {
+                foreach ($inventoryItems as $inventoryItem) {
+                    $metaJsonb = is_array($inventoryItem->meta_jsonb) ? $inventoryItem->meta_jsonb : [];
+                    $baselineHash = $identity->hashItemContent($metaJsonb);
+
+                    $items[] = [
+                        'subject_type' => 'policy',
+                        'subject_external_id' => (string) $inventoryItem->external_id,
+                        'policy_type' => (string) $inventoryItem->policy_type,
+                        'baseline_hash' => $baselineHash,
+                        'meta_jsonb' => [
+                            'display_name' => $inventoryItem->display_name,
+                            'category' => $inventoryItem->category,
+                            'platform' => $inventoryItem->platform,
+                        ],
+                    ];
+                }
+            });
+
+        return $items;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, array{subject_type: string, subject_external_id: string, policy_type: string, baseline_hash: string, meta_jsonb: array<string, mixed>}>  $snapshotItems
+     */
+    private function findOrCreateSnapshot(
+        BaselineProfile $profile,
+        string $identityHash,
+        array $snapshotItems,
+    ): BaselineSnapshot {
+        $existing = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+            ->where('workspace_id', $profile->workspace_id)
+            ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+            ->where('snapshot_identity_hash', $identityHash)
+            ->first();
+
+        if ($existing instanceof BaselineSnapshot) {
+            return $existing;
+        }
+
+        $snapshot = BaselineSnapshot::create([
+            'workspace_id' => (int) $profile->workspace_id,
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'snapshot_identity_hash' => $identityHash,
+            'captured_at' => now(),
+            'summary_jsonb' => [
+                'total_items' => count($snapshotItems),
+                'policy_type_counts' => $this->countByPolicyType($snapshotItems),
+            ],
+        ]);
+
+        foreach (array_chunk($snapshotItems, 100) as $chunk) {
+            $rows = array_map(
+                fn (array $item): array => [
+                    'baseline_snapshot_id' => (int) $snapshot->getKey(),
+                    'subject_type' => $item['subject_type'],
+                    'subject_external_id' => $item['subject_external_id'],
+                    'policy_type' => $item['policy_type'],
+                    'baseline_hash' => $item['baseline_hash'],
+                    'meta_jsonb' => json_encode($item['meta_jsonb']),
+                    'created_at' => now(),
+                    'updated_at' => now(),
+                ],
+                $chunk,
+            );
+
+            BaselineSnapshotItem::insert($rows);
+        }
+
+        return $snapshot;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, array{policy_type: string}>  $items
+     * @return array<string, int>
+     */
+    private function countByPolicyType(array $items): array
+    {
+        $counts = [];
+
+        foreach ($items as $item) {
+            $type = (string) $item['policy_type'];
+            $counts[$type] = ($counts[$type] ?? 0) + 1;
+        }
+
+        ksort($counts);
+
+        return $counts;
+    }
+
+    private function auditStarted(
+        AuditLogger $auditLogger,
+        Tenant $tenant,
+        BaselineProfile $profile,
+        ?User $initiator,
+    ): void {
+        $auditLogger->log(
+            tenant: $tenant,
+            action: 'baseline.capture.started',
+            context: [
+                'metadata' => [
+                    'operation_run_id' => (int) $this->operationRun->getKey(),
+                    'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+                    'baseline_profile_name' => (string) $profile->name,
+                ],
+            ],
+            actorId: $initiator?->id,
+            actorEmail: $initiator?->email,
+            actorName: $initiator?->name,
+            resourceType: 'baseline_profile',
+            resourceId: (string) $profile->getKey(),
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function auditCompleted(
+        AuditLogger $auditLogger,
+        Tenant $tenant,
+        BaselineProfile $profile,
+        BaselineSnapshot $snapshot,
+        ?User $initiator,
+        array $snapshotItems,
+    ): void {
+        $auditLogger->log(
+            tenant: $tenant,
+            action: 'baseline.capture.completed',
+            context: [
+                'metadata' => [
+                    'operation_run_id' => (int) $this->operationRun->getKey(),
+                    'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+                    'baseline_profile_name' => (string) $profile->name,
+                    'snapshot_id' => (int) $snapshot->getKey(),
+                    'snapshot_identity_hash' => (string) $snapshot->snapshot_identity_hash,
+                    'items_captured' => count($snapshotItems),
+                    'was_new_snapshot' => $snapshot->wasRecentlyCreated,
+                ],
+            ],
+            actorId: $initiator?->id,
+            actorEmail: $initiator?->email,
+            actorName: $initiator?->name,
+            resourceType: 'operation_run',
+            resourceId: (string) $this->operationRun->getKey(),
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineCaptureService.php b/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineCaptureService.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f596176
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineCaptureService.php
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Services\Baselines;
+
+use App\Jobs\CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob;
+use App\Models\BaselineProfile;
+use App\Models\OperationRun;
+use App\Models\Tenant;
+use App\Models\User;
+use App\Services\OperationRunService;
+use App\Support\Baselines\BaselineReasonCodes;
+use App\Support\Baselines\BaselineScope;
+
+final class BaselineCaptureService
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly OperationRunService $runs,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @return array{ok: bool, run?: OperationRun, reason_code?: string}
+     */
+    public function startCapture(
+        BaselineProfile $profile,
+        Tenant $sourceTenant,
+        User $initiator,
+    ): array {
+        $precondition = $this->validatePreconditions($profile, $sourceTenant);
+
+        if ($precondition !== null) {
+            return ['ok' => false, 'reason_code' => $precondition];
+        }
+
+        $effectiveScope = BaselineScope::fromJsonb(
+            is_array($profile->scope_jsonb) ? $profile->scope_jsonb : null,
+        );
+
+        $context = [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $sourceTenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => $effectiveScope->toJsonb(),
+        ];
+
+        $run = $this->runs->ensureRunWithIdentity(
+            tenant: $sourceTenant,
+            type: 'baseline_capture',
+            identityInputs: [
+                'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            ],
+            context: $context,
+            initiator: $initiator,
+        );
+
+        if ($run->wasRecentlyCreated) {
+            CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob::dispatch($run);
+        }
+
+        return ['ok' => true, 'run' => $run];
+    }
+
+    private function validatePreconditions(BaselineProfile $profile, Tenant $sourceTenant): ?string
+    {
+        if ($profile->status !== BaselineProfile::STATUS_ACTIVE) {
+            return BaselineReasonCodes::CAPTURE_PROFILE_NOT_ACTIVE;
+        }
+
+        if ($sourceTenant->workspace_id === null) {
+            return BaselineReasonCodes::CAPTURE_MISSING_SOURCE_TENANT;
+        }
+
+        if ((int) $sourceTenant->workspace_id !== (int) $profile->workspace_id) {
+            return BaselineReasonCodes::CAPTURE_MISSING_SOURCE_TENANT;
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineSnapshotIdentity.php b/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineSnapshotIdentity.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c761f92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/app/Services/Baselines/BaselineSnapshotIdentity.php
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Services\Baselines;
+
+use App\Services\Drift\DriftHasher;
+
+/**
+ * Computes the snapshot_identity_hash for baseline snapshot content dedupe.
+ *
+ * The identity hash is a sha256 over normalized snapshot items, enabling
+ * detection of "nothing changed" when capturing the same inventory state.
+ */
+final class BaselineSnapshotIdentity
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly DriftHasher $hasher,
+    ) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Compute identity hash over a set of snapshot items.
+     *
+     * Each item is represented as an associative array with:
+     * - subject_type, subject_external_id, policy_type, baseline_hash
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, array{subject_type: string, subject_external_id: string, policy_type: string, baseline_hash: string}>  $items
+     */
+    public function computeIdentity(array $items): string
+    {
+        if ($items === []) {
+            return hash('sha256', '[]');
+        }
+
+        $normalized = array_map(
+            fn (array $item): string => implode('|', [
+                trim((string) ($item['subject_type'] ?? '')),
+                trim((string) ($item['subject_external_id'] ?? '')),
+                trim((string) ($item['policy_type'] ?? '')),
+                trim((string) ($item['baseline_hash'] ?? '')),
+            ]),
+            $items,
+        );
+
+        sort($normalized, SORT_STRING);
+
+        return hash('sha256', implode("\n", $normalized));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compute a stable content hash for a single inventory item's metadata.
+     *
+     * Strips volatile OData keys and normalizes for stable comparison.
+     */
+    public function hashItemContent(mixed $metaJsonb): string
+    {
+        return $this->hasher->hashNormalized($metaJsonb);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Feature/Baselines/BaselineCaptureTest.php b/tests/Feature/Baselines/BaselineCaptureTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9f69fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Feature/Baselines/BaselineCaptureTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,349 @@
+<?php
+
+use App\Jobs\CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob;
+use App\Models\BaselineProfile;
+use App\Models\BaselineSnapshot;
+use App\Models\BaselineSnapshotItem;
+use App\Models\InventoryItem;
+use App\Models\OperationRun;
+use App\Services\Baselines\BaselineCaptureService;
+use App\Services\Baselines\BaselineSnapshotIdentity;
+use App\Services\Intune\AuditLogger;
+use App\Services\OperationRunService;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Queue;
+
+// --- T031: Capture enqueue + precondition tests ---
+
+it('enqueues capture for an active profile and creates an operation run', function () {
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+    ]);
+
+    /** @var BaselineCaptureService $service */
+    $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+    $result = $service->startCapture($profile, $tenant, $user);
+
+    expect($result['ok'])->toBeTrue();
+    expect($result)->toHaveKey('run');
+
+    /** @var OperationRun $run */
+    $run = $result['run'];
+    expect($run->type)->toBe('baseline_capture');
+    expect($run->status)->toBe('queued');
+    expect($run->tenant_id)->toBe((int) $tenant->getKey());
+
+    $context = is_array($run->context) ? $run->context : [];
+    expect($context['baseline_profile_id'])->toBe((int) $profile->getKey());
+    expect($context['source_tenant_id'])->toBe((int) $tenant->getKey());
+
+    Queue::assertPushed(CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob::class);
+});
+
+it('rejects capture for a draft profile with reason code', function () {
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'status' => BaselineProfile::STATUS_DRAFT,
+    ]);
+
+    $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+    $result = $service->startCapture($profile, $tenant, $user);
+
+    expect($result['ok'])->toBeFalse();
+    expect($result['reason_code'])->toBe('baseline.capture.profile_not_active');
+
+    Queue::assertNotPushed(CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob::class);
+    expect(OperationRun::query()->where('type', 'baseline_capture')->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+it('rejects capture for an archived profile with reason code', function () {
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->archived()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+    ]);
+
+    $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+    $result = $service->startCapture($profile, $tenant, $user);
+
+    expect($result['ok'])->toBeFalse();
+    expect($result['reason_code'])->toBe('baseline.capture.profile_not_active');
+
+    Queue::assertNotPushed(CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob::class);
+    expect(OperationRun::query()->where('type', 'baseline_capture')->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+it('rejects capture for a tenant from a different workspace', function () {
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+    [$otherUser, $otherTenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+    ]);
+
+    $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+    $result = $service->startCapture($profile, $otherTenant, $user);
+
+    expect($result['ok'])->toBeFalse();
+    expect($result['reason_code'])->toBe('baseline.capture.missing_source_tenant');
+
+    Queue::assertNotPushed(CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob::class);
+});
+
+// --- T032: Concurrent capture reuses active run [EC-004] ---
+
+it('reuses an existing active run for the same profile/tenant instead of creating a new one', function () {
+    Queue::fake();
+
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+    ]);
+
+    $service = app(BaselineCaptureService::class);
+
+    $result1 = $service->startCapture($profile, $tenant, $user);
+    $result2 = $service->startCapture($profile, $tenant, $user);
+
+    expect($result1['ok'])->toBeTrue();
+    expect($result2['ok'])->toBeTrue();
+
+    expect($result1['run']->getKey())->toBe($result2['run']->getKey());
+    expect(OperationRun::query()->where('type', 'baseline_capture')->count())->toBe(1);
+});
+
+// --- Snapshot dedupe + capture job execution ---
+
+it('creates a snapshot with items when the capture job executes', function () {
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+    ]);
+
+    InventoryItem::factory()->count(3)->create([
+        'tenant_id' => $tenant->getKey(),
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'policy_type' => 'deviceConfiguration',
+        'meta_jsonb' => ['odata_type' => '#microsoft.graph.deviceConfiguration'],
+    ]);
+
+    $opService = app(OperationRunService::class);
+    $run = $opService->ensureRunWithIdentity(
+        tenant: $tenant,
+        type: 'baseline_capture',
+        identityInputs: ['baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey()],
+        context: [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+        ],
+        initiator: $user,
+    );
+
+    $job = new CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob($run);
+    $job->handle(
+        app(BaselineSnapshotIdentity::class),
+        app(AuditLogger::class),
+        $opService,
+    );
+
+    $run->refresh();
+    expect($run->status)->toBe('completed');
+    expect($run->outcome)->toBe('succeeded');
+
+    $counts = is_array($run->summary_counts) ? $run->summary_counts : [];
+    expect((int) ($counts['total'] ?? 0))->toBe(3);
+    expect((int) ($counts['succeeded'] ?? 0))->toBe(3);
+
+    $snapshot = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+        ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+        ->first();
+
+    expect($snapshot)->not->toBeNull();
+    expect(BaselineSnapshotItem::query()->where('baseline_snapshot_id', $snapshot->getKey())->count())->toBe(3);
+
+    $profile->refresh();
+    expect($profile->active_snapshot_id)->toBe((int) $snapshot->getKey());
+});
+
+it('dedupes snapshots when content is unchanged', function () {
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+    ]);
+
+    InventoryItem::factory()->count(2)->create([
+        'tenant_id' => $tenant->getKey(),
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'policy_type' => 'deviceConfiguration',
+        'meta_jsonb' => ['odata_type' => '#microsoft.graph.deviceConfiguration', 'stable_field' => 'value'],
+    ]);
+
+    $opService = app(OperationRunService::class);
+    $idService = app(BaselineSnapshotIdentity::class);
+    $auditLogger = app(AuditLogger::class);
+
+    $run1 = $opService->ensureRunWithIdentity(
+        tenant: $tenant,
+        type: 'baseline_capture',
+        identityInputs: ['baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey()],
+        context: [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+        ],
+        initiator: $user,
+    );
+
+    $job1 = new CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob($run1);
+    $job1->handle($idService, $auditLogger, $opService);
+
+    $snapshotCountAfterFirst = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+        ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+        ->count();
+
+    expect($snapshotCountAfterFirst)->toBe(1);
+
+    $run2 = OperationRun::create([
+        'workspace_id' => (int) $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+        'user_id' => (int) $user->getKey(),
+        'initiator_name' => $user->name,
+        'type' => 'baseline_capture',
+        'status' => 'queued',
+        'outcome' => 'pending',
+        'run_identity_hash' => hash('sha256', 'second-run-' . now()->timestamp),
+        'context' => [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => ['policy_types' => ['deviceConfiguration']],
+        ],
+    ]);
+
+    $job2 = new CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob($run2);
+    $job2->handle($idService, $auditLogger, $opService);
+
+    $snapshotCountAfterSecond = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+        ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+        ->count();
+
+    expect($snapshotCountAfterSecond)->toBe(1);
+});
+
+// --- EC-005: Empty scope produces empty snapshot without errors ---
+
+it('captures an empty snapshot when no inventory items match the scope', function () {
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => ['nonExistentPolicyType']],
+    ]);
+
+    $opService = app(OperationRunService::class);
+    $run = $opService->ensureRunWithIdentity(
+        tenant: $tenant,
+        type: 'baseline_capture',
+        identityInputs: ['baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey()],
+        context: [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => ['policy_types' => ['nonExistentPolicyType']],
+        ],
+        initiator: $user,
+    );
+
+    $job = new CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob($run);
+    $job->handle(
+        app(BaselineSnapshotIdentity::class),
+        app(AuditLogger::class),
+        $opService,
+    );
+
+    $run->refresh();
+    expect($run->status)->toBe('completed');
+    expect($run->outcome)->toBe('succeeded');
+
+    $counts = is_array($run->summary_counts) ? $run->summary_counts : [];
+    expect((int) ($counts['total'] ?? 0))->toBe(0);
+    expect((int) ($counts['failed'] ?? 0))->toBe(0);
+
+    $snapshot = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+        ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+        ->first();
+
+    expect($snapshot)->not->toBeNull();
+    expect(BaselineSnapshotItem::query()->where('baseline_snapshot_id', $snapshot->getKey())->count())->toBe(0);
+});
+
+it('captures all inventory items when scope has empty policy_types (all types)', function () {
+    [$user, $tenant] = createUserWithTenant(role: 'owner');
+
+    $profile = BaselineProfile::factory()->active()->create([
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'scope_jsonb' => ['policy_types' => []],
+    ]);
+
+    InventoryItem::factory()->create([
+        'tenant_id' => $tenant->getKey(),
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'policy_type' => 'deviceConfiguration',
+    ]);
+
+    InventoryItem::factory()->create([
+        'tenant_id' => $tenant->getKey(),
+        'workspace_id' => $tenant->workspace_id,
+        'policy_type' => 'compliancePolicy',
+    ]);
+
+    $opService = app(OperationRunService::class);
+    $run = $opService->ensureRunWithIdentity(
+        tenant: $tenant,
+        type: 'baseline_capture',
+        identityInputs: ['baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey()],
+        context: [
+            'baseline_profile_id' => (int) $profile->getKey(),
+            'source_tenant_id' => (int) $tenant->getKey(),
+            'effective_scope' => ['policy_types' => []],
+        ],
+        initiator: $user,
+    );
+
+    $job = new CaptureBaselineSnapshotJob($run);
+    $job->handle(
+        app(BaselineSnapshotIdentity::class),
+        app(AuditLogger::class),
+        $opService,
+    );
+
+    $run->refresh();
+    expect($run->status)->toBe('completed');
+
+    $counts = is_array($run->summary_counts) ? $run->summary_counts : [];
+    expect((int) ($counts['total'] ?? 0))->toBe(2);
+
+    $snapshot = BaselineSnapshot::query()
+        ->where('baseline_profile_id', $profile->getKey())
+        ->first();
+
+    expect($snapshot)->not->toBeNull();
+    expect(BaselineSnapshotItem::query()->where('baseline_snapshot_id', $snapshot->getKey())->count())->toBe(2);
+});